Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition defined by a persistent deficit in social communication and interaction, alongside restricted repetitive patterns of behavior, interests and activities. They must be present in early childhood, and it may result in clinically significant impairment in social, occupational, and in other important areas of
functioning.
Adults may present with difficulties in understanding and responding to social cues, maintain reciprocal conversations, and forming and forming a sustained relationship, and reduced sharing of interests and emotions. Nonverbal communication challenges include, atypical eye contact, facial expressions, and gestures.
Children should be tested for ASD primarily at 18 months and 24 months as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Additional screening is recommended with subsequent visits, as early diagnosis allows for early intervention, improving outcomes.
Adults should be considered for testing for autism if they recognize traits and behaviors that align with ASD, or have struggled with social interactions, communication, sensory sensitivities or other related challenges throughout their lives, but have never been tested.
For both children and adults, there are several diagnostic tests to be considered. A formal diagnosis requires a health professional experienced in autism.
When referring to an individual with autism, as the person the terminology that they prefer. eg… “ a person with autism “, “ an autistic person “ In Judaism, reducing the stigma by open discussion, increase awareness, and the presence of autistic individuals in communal life, such as synagogue attendance-signaling decreasing shame and more active inclusion.
Written in September of 2025
By Steven Mandel MD
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