Depression in New Fathers: A Hidden but Important Conversation

by Robert E. Braitman, M.D., FAAP

The arrival of a new baby is usually imagined as a time of joy, celebration, and bonding. But for many men, the weeks and months after their child’s birth can bring unexpected emotional struggles. Depression in new fathers—often called paternal postpartum depression—is far more common than most people realize. Estimates suggest that roughly 10% of fathers experience significant depressive symptoms during the first year of their baby’s life, with the highest risk in the three- to six-month period.

This emotional shift rarely comes from a single cause. More often, it emerges from a complicated blend of physical, psychological, and social pressures. Many new fathers face intense sleep deprivation, suddenly altered routines, and the enormous responsibility of caring for an infant. Partners may be recovering physically and emotionally, which can change relationship dynamics in ways that feel confusing or isolating. Men may also feel pressure—often unspoken—to “stay strong,” provide financially, or hide their own vulnerability so they don’t “add to the burden.”

Recent research has also shown that men experience hormonal shifts after becoming fathers. Testosterone may decrease, while levels of cortisol and prolactin can fluctuate. These changes appear to support bonding and caregiving, but they may also leave some men emotionally fragile during an already stressful period.

Unlike maternal postpartum depression, which has become more openly discussed, depression in fathers often goes unnoticed. Men may not recognize their own symptoms, especially because their depression frequently appears in ways people don’t associate with low mood. Instead of tearfulness or sadness, fathers may show irritability, anger, withdrawal, overworking, or increased use of substances like alcohol. Some may avoid home to escape feelings they do not know how to express.

The consequences of untreated paternal depression can ripple through a family. Fathers may struggle to bond with their babies, feel distant from their partners, or experience strain at work. Research suggests that when a father is depressed, a baby may be more likely to develop behavioral difficulties later in childhood, and the couple’s relationship can be placed under additional stress.

The hopeful news is that paternal postpartum depression is treatable—and support is increasingly available. Honest conversations with partners, friends, or healthcare professionals can be a powerful first step. Your child’s Pediatrician may offer to screen for paternal postpartum depression during a well visit for the baby.

Perhaps most important is the understanding that asking for help is not a sign of weakness. When fathers care for their own mental health, they strengthen the entire family. By bringing this hidden topic into the open, we create healthier homes, more connected partnerships, and a gentler start for parents and children alike.